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The main difference between solid-state capacitors and aluminum electrolytic capacitors

2024-06-26 10:27

The full name of solid state capacitor is conductive polymer aluminum electrolytic capacitor, also known as polymer aluminum capacitor, which is currently the most advanced product in capacitor products. The dielectric material of solid state capacitor is functional conductive polymer, which can greatly improve the stability and safety of the product. The biggest difference between it and liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitor is the cathode material used. In the past, the cathode material used for aluminum electrolytic capacitor was electrolyte, while solid state capacitor was conductive polymer material. Common conductive polymer materials include PPY and PEDH. Solid state capacitor is highly valued by Intel and motherboard manufacturers. So, what are the advantages of solid state capacitor compared to previous electrolytic capacitors?

Due to the increasing frequency and power consumption of PCs in recent years, the requirements for capacitors in the power supply of CPU \ Memory \ PCI EXPress devices have become increasingly high. However, traditional liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitors still generate heat no matter how low their impedance is. When the temperature rises to a certain level, the internal vapor pressure of the capacitor increases. At this time, the capacitor function of filtering and voltage stabilization will continue to decrease, even due to the continuous rise of temperature, resulting in bulging and leakage of liquid (commonly known as "capacitor slurry"). Often, the faulty parallel capacitor causes the motherboard to operate abnormally, or even cannot operate at all, and requires repair.

Solid state capacitors use conductive polymer materials with high conductivity and excellent thermal stability as their solid electrolytes, replacing the electrolyte in traditional aluminum electrolytic capacitors. This greatly improves the shortcomings of traditional liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitors and exhibits extremely excellent electrical characteristics and reliability. Conductive polymer aluminum solid electrolytic containers have become the mainstream for the development of the next generation of solid state electrolytic capacitors. The electrons of conductive polymers in solid capacitors move faster on the molecules (low impedance), while the ions of liquid electrolytes move slower in the liquid (high impedance), resulting in conductive polymers having a better conductivity index than liquid electrolytes. The conductivity index of conductive polymers can reach thousands or even tens of thousands of times that of liquid electrolytes! Solid state capacitors exhibit lower impedance at high frequencies, where low impedance represents low resistance loss and does not consume electricity to convert into heat, thus preventing temperature rise and capacitor degradation, making the system more stable.

It is precisely because of these excellent characteristics of solid-state capacitors that they are favored by a large number of motherboard manufacturers and have become one of the essential materials for high-end motherboards today.

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